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Chittagong, often known as Chattogram, is a significant coastal city and financial center in Bangladesh's southeast. In 2017, the city has a population of more than 8.7 million people, making it the country's second-largest city. It is the administrative center and capital of an eponymous District and Division. Between the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Bay of Bengal, the city is situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River. After Dhaka, Chittagong is Bangladesh's second most important urban center.
Chittagong is an important part of Bangladesh's economy. The country's main maritime gateway is the Port of Chittagong, one of the world's oldest ports, whose coast was depicted on Ptolemy's globe map. The port is the Bay of Bengal's busiest international seaport and the third busiest in South Asia. The Chittagong Stock Exchange is one of the two stock exchanges in Bangladesh. Several Chittagong-based corporations are among Bangladesh's top industrial enterprises and businesses. The Bangladesh Navy and Bangladesh Coast Guard have their largest bases in the port city, while the Bangladesh Army and Bangladesh Air Force also have bases there and contribute to the city's economy.
Due to its natural waterfront, Chittagong is an ancient seaport. In the first century, the Roman geographer Ptolemy described it as one of the major Eastern ports. For ages, the harbor has served as an entrance to the Indian subcontinent's southeastern Bengal region. During the 9th century, Arab sailors and traders who once explored the Bay of Bengal established a mercantile station in the harbor. The port became a "mint town" of the Sultanate of Bengal in the 14th century, with the status of an administrative center.
